The spark for the English Civil War came in 1640, when Charles was forced to recall Parliament to finance a military campaign against Scotland, which had risen up in protest against his religious reforms. The Long Parliament, which Charles convened, was immediately hostile to his policies and actions. The Parliamentarians, led by figures such as Jo

Charles I, born on November 19, 1600, was one of the most significant and controversial monarchs in British history. His reign, from 1625 to 1649, was marked by political strife, religious conflict, and his eventual execution, which fundamentally altered the future of the English monarchy and the relationship between the monarchy and parliament. Hi

Henry’s mental health issues became more pronounced in the late 1450s and early 1460s. He experienced periods of mental illness, which led to him being unable to govern effectively. In 1453, Henry suffered a complete mental breakdown and was unable to perform his royal duties. During this time, his queen, Margaret of Anjou, took control of the go

Henry VI, born on December 6, 1421, was the King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471. His reign was marked by a turbulent period in English history, characterized by political instability, military conflict, and personal challenges. As one of the youngest monarchs to ascend the throne and a figure whose reign saw the division o